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Geoffrey of Vinsauf
Geoffrey of Vinsauf (fl. 1200) is a representative of the early medieval grammarian movement, termed ''preceptive grammar'' by James J. Murphy for its interest in teaching ''ars poetria'' (1971, vii ff.).
''Ars poetria'' is a subdivision of the grammatical art (''ars grammatica'') which synthesizes "rhetorical" and "grammatical" elements. The line of demarcation between these two fields is not firmly established in the Middle Ages. Gallo explains that "both of these liberal arts taught composition and taught the student to examine the diction, figurative language, and meters of the curriculum authors who were to serve as models for imitation. However it was rhetoric and not grammar that was concerned with Invention of subject matter and with disposition or organization of the work" as well as memory and delivery (72).
Murphy explains that the medieval ''artes poetriae'' are divided into two types. First, there is the short, specialized type of treatise dealing with ''figurae'', ''colores'', ''tropi'', and other verbal ornaments. They appeared separately all over Europe, usually anonymous, and were incorporated in elementary schooling, as adjuncts to ordinary grammar instruction. The second type of ''ars poetriae'' includes such works as the ''Ars versificatoria'' (c. 1175) of Matthew of Vendôme, the ''Laborintus'' (after 1213, before 1280) of Eberhard the German, the ''Ars versificaria'' (c. 1215) of Gervase of Melkley, the ''Poetria nova'' (1208–1213) and the ''Documentum de modo et arte dictandi et versificandi'' (after 1213) of Geoffrey of Vinsauf, and the ''De arte prosayca, metrica, et rithmica'' (after 1229) of John of Garland (1971, xxi-xxii). The ''artes poetriae'' constituted poetry as an academic discipline, and promoted its participation in the methods of logic (Copeland).
==Biography==
We know very little about the life of Geoffrey of Vinsauf. From his ''Poetria nova'' we learn that he was at one time in England before going to Rome during the pontificate of Innocent III, to whom the ''Poetria nova'' was prepared as a special gift. The traditional account of Geoffrey of Vinsauf provides further details of his biography: he is believed to be born in Normandy, but initially educated at St. Frideswide, Oxford. He is said to have returned to the Continent for further university study, first in Paris and later in Italy. He incurred the displeasure of Bishop Adam, allegedly after a quarrel in Paris with a certain Robert, once his friend, and was forced to appeal to the mercy of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Later, perhaps through the intercession of that prelate, he journeyed back to England to become tutor at Hampton. At a still later date he is said to have been sent on an embassy to Innocent III, and thus to have developed relations with the Holy See. His designation as "Vinsauf", or "de Vino Salvo", is traceable to a treatise attributed to him on the keeping of the vine and other plants (Murphy 29-30).
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